Sebasthian Ogalde, Andes Aerospace
Cristian Fuentes, Andes Aerospace
Valeria Alarcon, Andes Aerospace
Sebasthian Ogalde, Mr., Andes Aerospace
The small satellite and CubeSat market has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by decreasing launch costs and increasing demand for diverse applications ranging from Earth observation and remote sensing to scientific research and communication constellations. This proliferation of small satellites has created a need for increasingly capable on-board computers (OBCs) to manage complex tasks, handle larger volumes of data, and enable more autonomous operations. Traditionally, space-grade components have been used in OBC designs to ensure reliability in the harsh space environment. However, these components are often expensive and have longer lead times. The use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components offers a compelling alternative, providing cost-effectiveness and faster development cycles. This paper presents the design and development of a novel, adaptable OBC architecture based on COTS components, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities, for a wide range of small satellite missions.
A key design driver for this OBC is adaptability to support various mission profiles and satellite form factors, from 1U CubeSats to larger 6U platforms. This adaptability is achieved through a modular architecture, allowing for flexible configuration and scalability. The OBC is designed to function not only as the primary spacecraft controller but also as a dedicated payload controller when needed. The selection of COTS components was carefully considered, prioritizing factors such as processing power, power efficiency, availability, cost, and inherent radiation tolerance. While specific part numbers are not disclosed due to commercial sensitivity, the OBC utilizes a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M class microprocessor known for its low power consumption and robust performance. Memory subsystems consist of a combination of volatile and non-volatile memory technologies to ensure data integrity and storage capacity. Communication interfaces include standard protocols such as UART, I2C, SPI, and CAN, providing compatibility with a wide range of satellite subsystems and payloads.
A critical challenge in using COTS components in space applications is mitigating the effects of radiation. This OBC design addresses this challenge through a multi-layered approach. First, components with inherently higher radiation tolerance within the COTS category were prioritized. Second, shielding techniques are employed to protect sensitive components from total ionizing dose (TID) effects. These techniques involve strategically placing shielding materials within the OBC enclosure to reduce the radiation exposure. Finally, software-based mitigation techniques, such as error detection and correction (EDAC) codes, are implemented to detect and correct single-event upsets (SEUs) and other radiation-induced errors.
Preliminary testing has been conducted on key peripherals and subsystems of the OBC. Functional testing has verified the correct operation of all interfaces and communication protocols. Performance testing has demonstrated the OBC’s ability to handle expected data throughput and processing loads. These tests have shown promising results, indicating the potential for expected performance and robustness.
This COTS-based OBC with integrated AI has significant implications for future small satellite missions. It offers a cost-effective and rapidly deployable solution for enhancing mission capabilities, enabling more complex tasks, and increasing autonomy. The use of COTS components reduces development time and cost, making space access more accessible. The integration of AI capabilities opens up new possibilities for onboard data processing, autonomous operations, and improved mission resilience.